{"id":398,"date":"2020-04-13T11:56:52","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T17:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/?page_id=398"},"modified":"2020-04-15T11:56:11","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T17:56:11","slug":"analyzing-the-networks-in-peanuts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/assignments\/analyzing-the-networks-in-peanuts\/","title":{"rendered":"Analyzing the Networks in Peanuts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rationale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the introduction to &#8220;Network Theory, Plot Analysis,&#8221; Franco Moretti suggests that network analysis can be one way of quantifying and then exploring plot. Since, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2000\/02\/14\/arts\/charles-m-schulz-peanuts-creator-dies-at-77.html\">Robert Thompson<\/a>, Charles Schulz&#8217;s <em>Peanuts<\/em> &#8220;is arguably the longest story ever told by one human being,&#8221; network analysis might be an important way for us to understand some aspects of its plot. Put another way, all semester, I&#8217;ve been talking about wanting to understand character co-occurrence within <em>Peanuts<\/em>; well, the time has finally come for us to see what we learn about the strip when we consider the frequency of such pairings. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As always, it&#8217;s worth saying that what we can see from network analysis is only one small part of the very large story that is <em>Peanuts<\/em>. Nevertheless, it&#8217;s worth seeing what this particular lens can teach us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nitty Gritty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this assignment, you will produce one or more network graphs that shows the co-occurrence of Schulz&#8217;s characters and begin your analysis of the graph(s). The assignment has one outcome: a <s>collaboratively authored<\/s> blog post. The blog post is due at the end of our finals exam, <strong>Tuesday, 21 April at 5:30 pm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step One: Download and Install Gephi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You should <a href=\"https:\/\/gephi.org\/users\/download\/\">download Gephi<\/a>, which is open-source software for visualizing and analyzing the properties of networks. Once it&#8217;s downloaded, install it on your computer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step Two: Get the Data <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I used a <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/briancroxall\/peanuts\/blob\/master\/scripts\/char-co.py\">couple of<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/briancroxall\/peanuts\/blob\/master\/scripts\/char-co2gephi.py\">Python scripts<\/a> to crawl the GoComics data to, first, find the characters that appear in each strip and, second, count those interactions and <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/briancroxall\/peanuts\/blob\/master\/scripts\/char-co-gephi.tsv\">format those data for Gephi&#8217;s use<\/a>. Use git to fetch and pull all the updates to our repository and then find the <code>char-co-gephi.tsv<\/code> file in the <code>scripts<\/code> folder.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step Three: Open the Data in Gephi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I will show you how to do these steps. But briefly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Open Gephi on your computer.<\/li><li>Click &#8220;new project.&#8221;<\/li><li>Click on the &#8220;Data Laboratory&#8221; tab.<\/li><li>Click on the &#8220;Import Spreadsheet&#8221; button and then select the <code>char-co-gephi.tsv<\/code> file from our repository. <\/li><li>Make sure the separator is set to tabs and that it will import as an edges table. Click <code>Next &gt;<\/code>.<\/li><li>Change <code>Weight<\/code> from &#8220;Double&#8221; to &#8220;Integer.&#8221; Click <code>Finish<\/code>.<\/li><li>Make sure that <code>Create missing nodes<\/code> is selected and change from <code>New Workspace<\/code> to <code>Append to existing workspace<\/code>. Click <code>OK<\/code>.<\/li><li>Click <code>Copy data to other column<\/code>. Select <code>Id<\/code>. Make sure the &#8220;Copy to&#8221; is set to &#8220;Label&#8221; and then click <code>Ok<\/code>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step Four: Ask Yourself What You Expect to See<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before you actually click on the &#8220;Overview&#8221; tab to see the resulting graph, you should take a moment to make a prediction or two. Which characters do you think are going to be the most connected? Which ones do you think will have weaker connections? Why do you think this will be the case?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jot these thoughts down; they will be helpful later on. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step Five: Explore the Data in Gephi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The graph that you will see at this point is randomly distributed. You will want to do a number of things to make it more legible. These include the following, all of which I will show you how to do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Make the nodes&#8217; labels visible.<\/li><li>Adjust the size of the nodes according to one or more characteristics.<\/li><li>Adjust the color of the nodes according to one or more characteristics.<\/li><li>Use one or more layout algorithms to rearrange the graph&#8217;s layout.<\/li><li>Use one or more of the statistical measures to calculate different aspects of the graph. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also find interesting data to consider in the &#8220;Data Laboratory&#8221; tab, such as the weight of the different edges between characters. You can also include new data, such as the gender of each character, and then adapt graph in the &#8220;Overview&#8221; tab to display those genders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step Six: Blog about Your Analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Write about your analysis using <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\">Google Docs<\/a>. When you are done, make the Doc public and <a href=\"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-admin\/post-new.php\">post a link to it on our blog<\/a>. The post is due by the end of the finals exam period at <strong>5:30 pm on<\/strong> <strong>Tuesday, 21 April<\/strong>. Your write-up should contain the following information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Write what you expected to see in the graph (Step Four). Since this is a collaborative effort, feel free to either write down what each person expected to see or iron out the differences among you.<\/li><li>Write a minimum of 3 paragraphs about what you saw in the graph(s) and what this teaches you about <em>Peanuts<\/em> and its characters.<\/li><li>Include some screenshots of the graph(s) that you made as ways of illustrating what you are describing. <\/li><li>Write a paragraph that discusses what this assignment teaches you about digital humanities research. As always, I&#8217;m not looking for you to tell me how wonderful either DH or I am. Instead, I&#8217;m asking you to think hard about what network analysis adds to or detracts from our understanding of humanities texts. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grades<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This assignment is worth 75 points. You will be graded on whether your post has all the required items; the quality of the work that you did in trying and evaluating different graphs and their options; and your analysis of the network that you create.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Credits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a new assignment this semester. That said, I feel a particular debt to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.martingrandjean.ch\/\">Martin Grandjean<\/a>, whose work with Gephi has always inspired me and whose tutorials I look at if I forget how a certain feature works. I also want to thank <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalscholarship.emory.edu\/about\/people\/palmer-sara.html\">Sarah Palmer<\/a>, who collaborated with me on my <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalscholarship.emory.edu\/about\/people\/palmer-sara.html\">first big network analysis project<\/a>. Finally, my colleague <a href=\"https:\/\/humanities.byu.edu\/person\/jeremy-browne-2\/\">Jeremy Browne<\/a> got all the <em>Peanuts<\/em> data from GoComics in the first place and my other colleague <a href=\"https:\/\/humanities.byu.edu\/person\/rob-reynolds\/\">Rob Reynolds<\/a> helped me troubleshoot the Python scripts that I wrote for processing the data.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rationale In the introduction to &#8220;Network Theory, Plot Analysis,&#8221; Franco Moretti suggests that network analysis can be one way of quantifying and then exploring plot. Since, according to Robert Thompson, Charles Schulz&#8217;s Peanuts &#8220;is arguably the longest story ever told by one human being,&#8221; network analysis might be an important way for us to understand [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":34,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-398","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=398"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":408,"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/398\/revisions\/408"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/briancroxall.net\/w20dh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}